In the Queen’s words, 1895 / 1898.

Proceedings against me, personally, were not modified. Every day thereafter papers were brought to me from the office of President Dole, a legal service, I suppose it is called, being made on me by Major George C. Potter, an aide-de-camp of the president’s staff. In the first of these I found myself charged with the crime of “treason.” After about a week had gone by, the accusation was changed to “misprision of treason.” The substance of my crime was that I knew my people were conspiring to re-establish the constitutional government, to throw off the yoke of the stranger and oppressor; and I had not conveyed this knowledge to the persons I had never recognized except as unlawful usurpers of authority, and had not informed against my own nation and against their friends who were also my long-time friends.

The names of those who had informed, and by whose testimony I was to be convicted, were Captain Samuel Nowlein, Charles H. Clark, W. W. Kaae, Charles Warren, Keahikaauwai, George H. Townsend, and Captain Davies of the steamer Waimanalo.

February 5th was to be the day of my trial. After the summons had been served, Mr. Paul Neumann, in consultation with Mr. Wilson, called to consult with me, as it had been a question whether or not I should personally appear in court, as it would be undignified and humiliating. Humiliation! What had I left? It was the intention of the officers of the government to humiliate me by imprisoning me, but my spirit rose above that. I was a martyr to the cause of my people, and was proud of it. So I told them that I would attend; and on the morning of the 8th, at the hour appointed, Sergeant Kenake appeared, and conducted me, attended by Mrs. Wilson, to the court-room.

(Hawaii’s Story by Hawaii’s Queen, 1898.)

More on the Queen’s trial, 1895 / 2013.

Although for obvious reasons this will not take place in the original scene of the crime (the throne room at Iolani Palace), it does sound like something not to be missed… Reserve your seats today!

[…wow. It seems that i posted this reminder too late. All of the seats seem to be filled. Hui kala mai.]

Mai Poina: The Trial of the Queen

Queen Liliuokalani being tried in military court, 1895.

MILITARY COURT.

Most of the previous week was spent trying just one case, that of V. V. Ashford, accused of misprision of treason [huna kipi]. He denied the charges, and defense witnesses were brought in. The defendant was also brought in to defend himself, however, the defense Lawyer did not had no planned words for the benefit of his client, and he was continuiously questioned for four days and more. But he put a request before the Military Court [Aha Koa] to release the prisoner [lawehala]. The Lawyer for the public for the Military Court will weigh the testimony of the accused and the testimony of the people, and will sentence the offender. His ruling of case is being considered.

When the Military Court convened in the afternoon of February 1, those imprisoned under the charge of treason: Keki, Keoho, Tommy Ai, Nameless [Listed as Olii in 2/1/1895 Hawaiian Star.], John Piko, W. Kekoa, Kaanaana, Ulukou, Elia, Sam Hookano, Kahikikolu, Koia Kapena, Waianae, Keawe, Hikileo, George Makalena, Kamae, Kalawalu, James H. Bush, Buff Moepali, Manuel Rosa, and John H. Wise.

Each of them were asked if they wanted a lawyer. Twenty-one of them answered in the negative, saying that they did not want a lawyer, and J. H. Wise was the only one who wanted to be defended by the attorney Neumann. Therefore Wise’s case was postponed to a later date, and he was taken out.

Ulukou was the only one of the prisoners who objected to Captain Camara sitting to judge, and Camara was dismissed from sitting on the Commission. The remaining members of the Military Commission were not objected to.

The charges were read, and each were asked for their response. The first seven named admitted to their guilt, and the rest denied the charges. With the questioning of the witnesses, it was made clear that they were only on the outside of the military camp where the weapons were ministered to, however, according to some people, they were urged and enticed, and that is the reason some of them went to the area of the military camp. Their verdict is being considered.

At 11:15 midday of Tuesday, February 5, Liliuokalani Dominis was taken from her room where she is held prisoner in the Executive Building [Iolani Palace], to the grand Room [throne room] where the Military Trials are being held, filled with spectators. Major Potter escorted Mrs. Dominis accompanied to the door by Mrs. C. B. Wilson, then Lieutenant Kenake brought her in and sat her to the left of her lawyer Neumann. Mrs. Dominis was wearing a black dress with a hat of the same color, and her honor and royal dignity of when she sat upon the throne had fallen and shattered. The charges were read to Mrs. Dominis, of the crime she was accused of, misprision of treason, however her attorney was criticized for asking that the trial be postponed until another day. On the following Wednesday and Thursday were the responses of the prisoner and the witnesses. Mrs. Dominis vehemently denied any knowledge of the planning for war, but did admit to appointing a new cabinet of Ministers for herself.

[When looking at anything, like this article, it is important to try and understand the context. The Kuokoa, during this period at least, seems to be pro-annexation and pro-American. By reading this and the rest of its pages, you can see it is definitely not pro-Monarchy!

What were the other Hawaiian-Language Newspapers saying? The Oiaio, which was a weekly, issued a paper on 1/4/1895, and only after 10 weeks, on 3/15/1895, did it/could it print its next issue. Leo o ka Lahui, a daily which printed from Mondays through Fridays, printed an issue on 1/4/1895, and stopped/was stopped from printing until 3/12/1895 (although this issue seems not extant). What were the other English-language newspapers saying? What were the other language papers reporting?]

(Kuokoa, 2/9/1895, p. 2)

KA AHA HOOKOLOKOLO KOA.

Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Buke XXXIV, Helu 6, Aoao 2. Feberuari 9, 1895.

A mele for Grover Cleveland, 1894.

KA HOOLA O KA KAHUI [sic] HAWAII

He ohohia nui loa
Nou e Kalivalana
Peresidena oikelakela
Kaulana me ke kiekie
O ka puuwai hao kila
O ka naauao lua ole
Pookela oe o ka nani
O ka manao akea
No ka ninau lahui
O ka Pae Aina Hawaii
Kau olelo hooholo
E hoi o Liliuokalani
Ma Kona Noho Kalaunu
O ke Aupuni Moi
Mai a Kamehameha mai
Piha olioli na moku
Ia oe e Kalivalana
Hauoli na puuwai
O ka Lahui Hawaii
I ke aloha kamahao
O Amerika Huiia
Lohea he leo aloha
Mai Wasinetona mai
Lanakila oikelakela
Ka Aoao Demokarata
Haneri a oi aku
Na kakoo o Hawaii
Puhi i na Pi Gi
Na hoohui aina
Ua haule na ikaika
A ka poe lehelehe wale
E ka Lahui Hawaii
E i ae hoi ka Hoola
Ke kuokoa mau loa
No Hawaii Aina
Lahui me ka Moi
E o e Kalivalana
I kou inoa hiwahiwa
“Ka Wiwo ole o na Wiwo ole
Ka makuakane o Hawaii
Ka Puuhonua o ka Pakipika
E noho ana i ka puuwai
O ka Lahui Hawaii.”

W. L. Kaleiakalahui.

[THE SAVIOR OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE

There is great delight
For you O Cleveland
The greatest President
Famous and exalted
With heart of steel
An intelligence second to none
You are in the heights of splendor
With open mind
On the question of the people
Of the Hawaiian Archipelago
Your decision
To return Liliuokalani
To Her Throne
Of the Monarchy
From Kamehameha
The islands are filled with joy
For you O Cleveland
Hearts are happy
Of the Hawaiian People
With wonderful love
Of the United States of America
A voice of aloha has been heard
From Washington
Great Victory
The Democratic Party
Hundred or more
Were the supporters of Hawaii
Blown away were the Provisional Government
The annexationists
The powerful have fallen
The people who are all mouth
O Hawaiian Nation
The Savior says
Let there be never-ending independence
For the Land of Hawaii
The People and the Sovereign
Answer O Cleveland
Your precious name song
“The Fearless one amongst Fearless ones
The father of Hawaii
The Refuge of the Pacific
Living in the hearts
Of the Hawaiian People.”

W. L. Kaleiakalahui.

The attitude of the Hawaiian nation towards Grover Cleveland on the most part was and is (as seen recently) much different than towards his successor, William McKinley.]

(Nupepa Aloha Aina, 3/17/1894, p. 3)

KA HOOLA O KA KAHUI HAWAII

Nupepa Aloha Aina, Buke I, Helu 11, Aoao 3. Maraki 17, 1894.

More on Liliuokalani’s 75th birthday celebration, 1913.

Society

BRILLIANT in every respect was the reception on Tuesday morning at Washington Place, when the world and his wife bestirred themselves to rejoice with Queen Liliuokalani to congratulate her on her seventy-fifth birthday. Hundreds of people gathered there between the hours of 11 and 12, beautifully dressed, gay, each one happy to have this opportunity of showing his or her admiration and love for the fragile little queen who once ruled so graciously over these islands. One entered the grounds of Washington Place to the step of the Royal Hawaiian Band, which played old native tunes on the lawn. Within doors one heard the haunting rhythm of native meles chanted by Hawaiian attendants. The air was filled with the fragrance of plumeria and ilima, and one felt, as one walked among palms, bowls of exotic flowers, and tall kahilis,—sentinels of a former royalty,—that one had stepped into the romantic world of the old monarchy.

The queen received with the Princess Kawananakoa. Her throne was draped with royal yellow robes and surrounded with the standards of the kingdom. The queen was dressed in gray chiffon and velvet tinged with mauve, and trimmed with a collar of rare old lace. She wore beautiful diamond jewelry, and exquisite coronet of diamond stars capping her soft gray hair. About her shoulders was the cape of royal yellow feathers.

The beautiful Princess Kawananakoa was attired in white with black chantilly lace and the royal feather lei.

The guests were presented by Mr. E. K. Lilikalani, Col. Iaukea also assisted in the reception.

Many Attended Reception

Among those who called in the morning to pay their respects to Hawaii’s former Queen were:

Governor and Mrs. Frear, Miss Virginia Frear, I. D. Canfield, Mrs. Byron Noble, Miss Doria Noble, Miss Sara Featherstone, Miss Olive Gibbs, Mrs. Clifford Morgan, Mrs. H. L. R. Grove, Miss Mabel Anderson, Mrs. Will Wayne, Mrs. Harry L. Shaw, Mrs. Riley H. Allen, Mrs. W. Southard, Miss Edna Malone, Miss Laura C. Glover, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Chillingworth, Miss Mabel Glover, Mrs. Abraham Fernandez, Mrs. Samuel Chillingworth, Mrs. Alice Hutchinson, Miss Bertha Kemp, Miss Clara Wilson, Miss Clara Brawthen, Miss Lillian Brawthen, Miss Julia Vince, Mrs. Luella Green Emmans, Miss Hannah Kaaepa Lowe, Nahea Kehokii, Mrs. E. A. McInerny, Mrs. Hoopii Oliver, Mrs. Roberta von Oellhoffan, David K. Kahaulelio, Mrs. Hanamaikai, Mrs. Goo Kim, Mrs. J. F. Mitchell, Miss E. Mitchell, Mrs. M. Oki, Miss Kauluwehi Aki, Kelii Aki, Peter Kealakaihonua, James Bishop Thomas, Miss Myra Mott-Smith, the Misses Thomas, Miss Katherine Elstone, Mrs. A. E. Murphy, Miss Thelma Murphy, Mrs. R. S. Woodford, Miss Dorcas Meyer, M. D. Jones, R. E. Berger, Mr. and Mrs. Davis Mowy, Cecil Brown, Miss Irene Dickson, Mrs. Fanny Strauch, Mr. and Mrs. R. T. Forrester, Miss M. E. Mitchell, Miss Mary Ellen Dale, Mrs. Josie Belt, Miss Whitehouse, Mrs. C. E. Sherwood, Mrs. George T. Whittemore, Mrs. Edna Paxton, Mrs. George P. Thielen, Mrs. Lorrin Andrews, Hana Kamiau Evans, Miss Mabel E. Winkley, Henry Winkley, Mrs. Carl Miltner, Miss Sadie Whitehead, Miss Ruth Whitehead, Mrs. L. F. Martin, Miss Christiana Bradley, Miss Genevieve Bradley, Mrs. E. H. Waddell, Mrs. E. M. Watson, Miss Garda Everton, Mrs. F. W. Robertson, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Weedon, Mrs. John Mather, Mrs. Charles Winne, Miss MacDonald, Mrs. Burton Huntington, Miss Katherine Winter, Mrs. H. A. Wilder, Mrs. G. H. Lamberson, Mrs. R. R. Reidford, Mrs. John Warren, Miss Hoffmann, Miss Martha Beckwith, I. F. Pearson, Mrs. Agnes Pearson, Mr. and Mrs. William Burney, Mrs. George Robbins, Miss Georgia Robbins, Master L. R. Burney, Mrs. A. S. Humphreys, Miss Katherine Burke, Mrs. Nelson Lansing, Miss Carol Tripp, Miss Lucilla, Mrs. W. H. Barick, Miss S. L. Truelson, Captain and Mrs. W. H. Johnston, Mrs. J. B. Roe, Captain and Mrs. Marquart, Lt. and Mrs. Kay, Lieut. and Mrs. Longanecker, Mrs. B. M. Allen, Mrs. V. Ward, Miss Kulumanu Ward, Miss Kathleen Ward, Mrs. J. A. Henriques, Mr. and Mrs. John Bowler, Dr. and Mrs. S. D. Barnes, Mrs. J. J. Dowling, Miss Edmundo, Mrs. E. C. Howard, Mrs. George R. Carter, G. N. Carter, Miss Alice Fryer, M. Nyder, Miss Alice E. Krupp, Miss Edith Aldrich, Mrs. H. E. Dominy, Miss Clemence Gifford, Mrs. W. L. Gifford, Mrs. Paul Pettitt, Miss Virginia Pettitt, Miss May Crosno, Miss olive Crosno, Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Brown, Miss Francesca Del Mar, Mrs. A. G. Adams, Mrs. Charles D. Mueller, T. B. Stuart, Mr. and Mrs. Gerrit P. Wilder, Helen Kinau Wilder, Samuel G. Wilder, Judge and Mrs. Sanford B. Dole, Mrs. K. W. Horner, Kaakua, Mrs. Kalalewai, Mr. Kamakakekai, Kalelo Kalii, Mrs. Rogers, Mrs. Peter, Col. and Mrs. French, Mr. and Mrs. Curtis P. Iaukea, Mr. and Mrs. John Dominis, Governor John T. Baker, Mrs. M. C. Gage, Mrs. J. M. Whitenack, Miss M. J. Davis, Mrs. H. C. Ovenden, Rear Admiral C. B. T. Moore, L. M. Stevens, U. S. A.; A. G. Kannegieser, Miss Callaway, Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Taylor, Mrs. M. Baldwin, Mrs. J. W. McAllister, Dr. Lucy Moses, Miss Agnes Lenord, Miss Margaret Douglas, Mrs. Hannah Palmer, Mrs. Alice Brown, Mrs. Samuel Gordon, Mrs. Louise Ackerson, Mrs. T. M. Reed, Miss C. Reed, Mrs. Hattie Peterson, Richard Peterson, Miss H. S. Simpson, Dr. and Mrs. A. M. Brodie, Mrs. William Haley, Mrs. Caldwell, Thomas l. Massee, Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, Thomas l. Massee, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Kaland, John Mames, Mrs. Susanna Armour, B. F. Dillingham, Mr. and Mrs. Mark A. Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Bryan, Mrs. A. H. Letson, Arnold Weibel, Judge and Mrs. Antonio Perry, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Spahler, Miss Katie McAllister, Mrs. Henry Holmes, Miss Annie Lau, Mrs. E. L. Minel, Mrs. J. O. Wilder, Miss Daisy Wilder, Mrs. K. W. Horner, Mrs. Hannah Niauhoe, Mrs. Kuno Apa, Mrs. Andrew Brown, Mrs. D. M. Houghs, Miss Marriette Sexton, Mrs. Kate W. Cooper, Mrs. Ben Haaheo, Miss Ella Johnston, Mrs. Louie Custer, Mrs. S. M. Angus, Miss Myra Angus, Mrs. W. C. Cummings, Mrs. L. E. Edgeworth, Mrs. L. L. Hammerly, Miss V. Caesar, Mrs. A. Caesar, Mrs. Mary Boyle Riley, Mr. and Mrs. Bert Raymond, Mrs. W. D. Adams, Mrs. Walter R. Coombs, Mrs. H. W. Marvin, Mrs. G. H. Smith, Miss Marjorie Smith, Miss Olive M. L. Manermann, Miss Bernice Gustiner, Miss Georgia Armstrong, Mrs. F. T. Warinner, Miss Helen Ambrose, Mrs. Sara L. Newcomb, E. A. P. Newcomb, Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Andrews, Sarah Worth Cousens, Mrs. L. M. Cox, Mrs. D. F. Thrum, Miss Margaret Clarke, Miss Helen Alfred, Miss Mildred Horne, Miss Lydia Williamson, Perley L. Horne, Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Hatch, Mrs. Helen Rosa, Mrs. J. H. Maby, Mrs. Katherine Winter, Miss Aimee Mossman, Miss Marie Payne, R. F. Brown, Miss Vera Layne, Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, Miss Ruby Johnson, Mrs. A. H. Crawford, Miss Marie Schied, A. Marques, Miss Cornelia Moodley, Miss Helen Moodey, Miss Lillian Moodey, Mrs. Charles Wyman, Mrs. Gonoe, Mrs. Riorden, Mrs. Harmon Hendrick, Mrs. A. E. Minneville, Miss Harriet Grant, Miss Dorothy Guild, Miss Rae W. Kingsbury, Mrs. J. L. Coke, Mrs. Laura Kekai Kaakulou, Mrs. Waiwaiole Pau, Mrs. Piikea Mersberg, Miss May Taylor, Mrs. T. Sharp, Mrs. Carrie A. Thompson, Mrs. A. K. Shepard, Miss Emmaline Magoch, Mrs. H. Anderson, Mrs. W. P. Osbourn, B. E. Beeman, Miss Agnes Anderson, Mrs. Arthur G. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. H. M. von Holt, Miss Johnson, Mrs. Sarepta Gullick, Mrs. L. H. Auld, Miss Miriam Stacker, Arnold Weibel, Mrs. Thomas Gill, Miss kate Gill, Miss Starkey, Guy H. Buttolph, Charles D. Wright, J. McLowe, George Kaing Lowe, Captain H. Berger, Mrs. Emma Metcalf Nakuina, Emil Nahili Hutchinson, Mrs. Frances M. Coon, L. Schley Moriarity, Miss Frances Humphreys and others.

(Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 9/6/1913, p. 13)

Society

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Volume XXI, Number 6683, Page 13. September 6, 1913.

Celebrating Liliu’s 75th birthday, 1913.

LILIU IS 75 YEARS OLD

There Were Many Who Went to Congratulate Her This Tuesday.

This Tuesday past, Queen Liliuokalani was seventy-five years old, and her friends, companions, locals and foreigners visited her at her home at Washington Place to see her, and to give their congratulations to the Queen of Hawaii nei for reaching that old age.

Just like in past years, there was a rush of the citizens of town to see Queen Liliu; it was so in the morning of this Tuesday, and the Queen welcomed warmly all who shook hands with her; it is estimated that their number reached a thousand.

The hours set aside for the public to visit her was from eleven o’clock to twelve o’clock, but there was celebration on the previous Monday night by singing groups with their instruments, as they serenaded the window of the home of the person for whose birthday it was, until the hours when the sun appeared.

After eight o’clock in the morning of that Tuesday, there was also a luau given to celebrate the day, and the royal attendants and a few malihini were invited, and they sat at the table laden with so many good things.

When the time came for the opening of the audience with the public at eleven o’clock of that morning, everyone showed up at Washington Place [Wakinekona Hale], and there too was the Royal Hawaiian Band [Bana Hawaii] honoring the one whose birthday it was.

Present was the Honorable Edward K. Lilikalani, where he stood ready to greet the public, and Colonel Iaukea and John Dominis introduced them before Queen Liliu, as the Queen would always give a smile to each and everyone who shook hands with her.

There also was Princess Kawananakoa to assist the Queen, wearing her finery, while the interior of the reception room was decorated with flowers, and feather capes [ahuula], kahili, and everything hearkening back to the past era, the time when this archipelago was governed by Monarchs.

At this audience, there were many Hawaiians who showed their affection for their queen, by kneeling before her and kissing her hand as they were used to doing.

After the audience, the Queen and her attendants got aboard automobiles headed for her seaside home in Waikiki, where a party was prepared and waited for her and the malihini invited to meet with her and to enjoy with her that day.

The Royal Hawaiian Band [Bana Hawaii] was also there following her to Waikiki, to continue to give honor to the table of the queen.

There were several hundreds of invited people that arrived to that party, from kamaaina to malihini, and they all ate until satiated of what was prepared, and they drank to the health and happiness of the mother, with happy thoughts and with hope that the life of Queen Liliu would be extended and that she would have more years to live.

(Kuokoa, 9/5/1913, p. 1)

PIHA NA MAKAHIKI HE 75 IA LILIU

Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Buke LI, Helu 35, Aoao 1. Sepatemaba 5, 1913.

More on the Queen’s 75th birthday, 1913.

MANY EXTEND FELICITATIONS TO QUEEN ON HER BIRTHDAY

TO LILIUOKALANI

On her seventy-fifth birthday

No monarch in the wide, wide world,
Deposed or on the throne,
Can boast of the loyal subjects,
Or the faithful friends you own.

Not alone of your own dear islands,
But of every race and clime,
You have hosts of fervent admirers,
Whose love dims not with time.

May the years touch you ever so lightly,
And your life be filled with peace,
Till the One above with His heavenly love,
Bids all our troubles cease.

C. D. W.

Pretty homage was paid to Queen Liliuokalani at her Beretania street mansion this morning. It was the occasion of her seventy-fifth birthday. With those about her whom she has loved for many years, those to whom she has turned in the turbulent and calm periods of her life the beloved queen opened the doors of her home for a public reception this morning.

The band played and the people came. Scores entered her residence and greeted her. Her guests this morning are to be counted among the residents and strangers, persons of prominence and persons in the obscure paths of life, the rich and the penniless, the light and dark—all came to meet the queen, to pay their respects to her and do her homage.

Kapellmeister Berger’s band played near the door of the mansion. Mr. Lilikalani, a pictureque figure with his many medals of honor reminiscent of the days when he was the lord high chamberlain of King Kalakaua’s court, introduced the guests, while Princess Kawananakoa, wonderfully beautiful in her gown of black chantilly lace and white charmeuse with the feather lei of royalty draped about her neck, assisted the queen in receiving.

The queen filled well her part as hostess. A flush of delight was on her face as she met the many guests. The splendor of the scene surrounding her, the ferns and flowers of many colors, the royal kahilis, the emblems of a monarchy that is no more, accentuated the fragile beauty of the queen. Old age has put its mark upon her, no doubt, but it has been with a gentle touch; so gentle that the woman who celebrated her seventy-fifth birthday today feels that she will live to see many more years roll by.

It was, in all its ways, one of the prettiest receptions the queen has ever given; and it will probably be remembered when the others are not. At a little breakfast birthday party she was given at her home this morning, when a few of the persons she has known for many years, were present, it was predicted that this morning’s reception would be the most successful. Present at the breakfast were the Mesdames C. S. Holloway, C. P. Iaukea, August Ahrens and J. A. Dominis; and Col. Sam Parker and Allan Herbert.

The queen’s entire home was decorated. Flowers that truly embody the spirit of Hawaii were everywhere—ilima leis, plumaria, maile, roses, lilies, lehua, hibiscus, gorgeous bowls of them, gifts from the queen’s friends. Above the constant murmur of the throng arose the haunting chant of Hawaiian attendants, while the band played oldtime melodies on the lawn. It was an imposing sight, and truly gratifying to behold the love and esteem in which the queen is held from the busiest person of this thriving territory who took the time to go, to the veriest little waif who went to wish her well.

(Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 9/2/1913, p. 1)

MANY EXTEND FELICITATIONS TO QUEEN ON HER BIRTHDAY

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Volume XXI, Number 6679, Page 1. September 2, 1913.

All of Hawaii was talking about Queen Liliuokalani’s 75th birthday, 1913.

HAWAII’S IMPERIAL BIRTHDAY

In accordance with this day being Queen Liliuokalani’s 75th birthday, her loyal subjects and old friends under her former administration, and even those of foreign birth, on this day from 11 o’clock in the morning to 12 o’clock, for 1 hour at Washington Palace on Beretania Street, they will be given audience; and at the imperial villa on the seaside of Wakiki will be held a grand celebration.

[There were many newspapers in many languages throughout the years here in Hawaii nei. In 1913, besides Hawaiian and English, there were papers in Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, and Japanese. Perhaps for research purposes we should consider not only looking at newspapers in one language, but we should see what they were saying in newspapers of other languages as well.]

(Hawaii Hochi, 9/2/1913, p. 4)

布哇の天長節

布哇報知、第213号4頁、大正2年9月2日

More on Liliu’s 75th birthday, 1913.

THE BIRTHDAY OF QUEEN LILIUOKALANI

This past Tuesday, the 2nd of September, was the birthday of Queen Liliuokalani; she has been living in this world 75 years, and she is the only reigning queen of Hawaii that has almost reached extreme age.

There was a royal audience that day as was done regularly in the years past, at her home at Washington Place [Wakinekona Hale], before noon; there were many friends and Hawaiian citizens of the queen who went to see her on that day. Princess Kawananakoa assisted her in welcoming the friends and citizens, and Colonel C. P. Iaukea introduced the friends before her, and Mr. E. K. Lilikalani escorted the malihini into the house.

The Royal Hawaiian Band [Bana Hawaii] was there entertaining the audience while they all were visiting the queen; there were many old songs, songs which the queen took great delight in while she reigned and mele that were sung in the days of King Kalakaua.

(Kuokoa, 9/5/1913, p. 2)

KA LA HANAU O KA MOIWAHINE LILIUOKALANI

Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Buke LI, Helu 35, Aoao 2. Sepatemaba 5, 1913.