Category Archives: Government

Edward Lilikalani responds to the Memorial by the haole, 1867.

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Reply

Ka palapala Memoriala.

E ka Nupepa Kuokoa e; Aloha oe:—

Ua ike iho wau ma ka nupepa Kalepa o kela Poaono i hala ae nei, i kahi mau mea nui i hanaia e na haole o ke kulanakauhale nei o Honolulu, oia hoi he Palapala Memoriala maloko o laila, he mau kumu hoopii i ka Moi, e hooulu i ka lahui, a o ke ano nui o ka hooulu i oleloia ma ua palapala nei, oia no ke kii ana i ka Lahui Inia, a e hoopae mai i kumu e hoowelo hou aku ai i keia lahui kanaka.

A maloko no hoi oia palapala, he noi ana kekahi i ka Moi, e hele ae mawaho e kuka ai me kekahi poe akamai e ae. Ma keia ke manao nei au ua alakai hewa ka Memoriala i ka Moi; o ke ano maoli nae o keia o ka hoowahawaha i na Kuhina no ko lakou hana ole.

Eia ka mea kupaianaha o keia palapala Memoriala, o ke kapae loa ia ana o na kanaka Hawaii ma keia noi ano nui, e hoopae mai i ka lahui kanaka o ko na aina e ma ko kakou aina nei, e hooulu i keia lahui.

He manao maikai ka hooulu ana i ka lahui, mai ko na aina e mai, aka, e pono o kakou o na kanaka Hawaii kekahi e kuka pu no keia mea. Aka, ua kiloi loa ia kakou ma kahi e; ina paha ua makemake na haole e hoopae mai i keia lahui o Inia me ke kuka ole me kakou, ka poe a ua Inia nei e hele mai ana e hooulu, alaila, he mea hewa loa ko kakou ike e ole. A ina ua kiola loaia kakou a hooliloia me he mau holoholona’la, ka i ae no o ua poe haole nei e hoopae mai i ka Inia, na lakou no e onou okoa mai, me ko kakou ae ole; alaila, e pono no e ku kakou, a noonoo nui no keia hana i ulu kamahao ae iwaena o na haole.

E ike e ka Lahui Hawaii! O ka Hooulu Lahui a ka Moi ma ke kalaunu, oia no ke Kuikahi Panailike. A loaa mai ia a noho pu, a paa i ko kakou lima, alaila, noonoo ae, no ke kii ana’ku i na Inia, Iapana, Kina, a Malaea paha, i loaa mua na kumu hana a keia poe e hana ai, ke hiki mai, aka, ina e kii wale ia no na paahana, a me na Inia hooulu lahui, auhea ka hana, a me ka aina e haawi ai ia lakou.

He kupanaha ka mahaoi, a me ka lele e o lakou nei; ua hoolilo lakou ia lakou iho me he mau kamalii liilii’la, e hakaka ana, e hookeke wale ana no i na niho i na Kuhina o ka Moi, me ka olelo iho aole ka a lakou hana, aole ka a ka Moi hana. He kupaianaha, pehea ka ke Kuikahi?

Eia kekahi mea kupaianaha, he eha mau alii o ka Hale Ahaolelo alii i kakau i ko lakou mau inoa ma ia palapala. Oia o Kapena Loke, o Ake, Kamika, a me Kakela; owai o keia poe i hooikaika e hoonoho i ka Moi ma ka noho alii, e like me ka olelo o ua palapala la? Ke manao nei au o kekahi mau inoa o keia poe he mau hoohui aupuni lakou, i ikaika loa no ke kuikahi ia Lunalilo ka Moi, o ka mea i maopopo lea o ka Ahaolelo no, aole lakou nei ia wa, eia wale mai no mahope nei ko lakou lilo ana i mau alii no ka Hale Ahaolelo. A ke manao nei au, o ko lakou pakui ana aku i na Kuhina o ka Moi ma keia palapala noi, me ke kumu ole, e  pono e hoihoi mai ka Moi i ko lakou mau palapala hookohu, o ka pono loa no ko lakou hoihoi okoa aku i ko lakou mau hookohu alii i ka Moi, ina aole he paku nui nana e alai nei oia no ke kumukanawai.

E makemake ana paha e lilo lakou i mau kuhina ea. Ae! oia maoli no, aka, ina pela iho la ke kau kapakahi o ko lakou mau manao, alaila, aole lakou e pono e lilo i mau kuhina, mamuli hana lakou i na hana me ka ui ole mai ia kakou, a poino kakou. E pono no e hoohokaia ko lakou manao, a e koho ka Moi i poe kanaka Hawaii wale no.

He hana keia na ke kau Ahaolelo e hana ai, aka, no ko lakou ui ole ia mai e pono no e ku kakou a noonoo i ka hopena o keia hana. Me ka mahalo.

Edward Lilikalani.

[Find a translation of this rebuke by Edward Kamakau Lilikalani in the Advertiser of 3/25/1876.]

(Kuokoa, 3/18/1876, p. 4)

Ka palapala Memoriala.

Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Buke XV, Helu 12, Aoao 4. Maraki 18, 1876.

Reply by the Ministers, 1876.

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The Ministerial Reply.

To the Hon. Godfrey Rhodes, the Hon. A. S. Cleghorn, Walter Murray Gibson, Esq., the Hon. Henry A. P. Carter, P. C. Jones, Jnr., Esq., J. C. Glade, Esq., F. A. Schaefer, Esq., H. M. Whitney, Esq., and to the other gentlemen who signed the address to His Majesty, dated February 25th, 1876.

Gentlemen:—

His Majesty in Privy Council, having appointed the undersigned a Committee to reply to the address which you presented to him on the 29th ult., on the subject of the repopulation of these Islands, they hasten to inform you, that His Majesty feels the deepest interest in this all important question, and is equally gratified with the zeal and the spirit of loyalty which you exhibit in approaching the subject, and he is satisfied that this combined action on the part of so large and influential a portion of the community as have attached their names to the said address cannot but result in good and in a sounder knowledge of the means requisite to advance the great object which we all have in view.

As you are well aware, gentlemen, this subject is not a new one; it is one that has anxiously occupied the thoughts and the time of every Hawaiian King and Cabinet during the last quarter of a century; and if failure instead of success has so far been the result of most of the schemes which have been inaugurated for repeopling this kingdom, that is no reason why renewed efforts should not continue to be made. Nothing would have been easier than for the present Government to have spent another $10,000 or $15,000 of the public money in abortive attempts to introduce a permanent and useful population, but the history of past efforts in this direction teaches that it is much easier to fit out expeditions for bringing immigrants to our shores, than to obtain people such as will, in the words of your address, “be well suited for complete assimilation with the race that peoples this archipelago.”

For gentlemen, we understand and His Majesty understands your address to mean, that it is not only men that may be required for the immediate wants of our agriculturists that you desire should be introduced, but men and women of “kindred race” to the Hawaiians, by which they may “gain an infusion of fresh blood,” and so be preserved. This may truly be part of the great problem to be solved, but the undersigned in the name of His Majesty’s Ministers would feel much diffidence about holding out any very confident hopes that they will be able soon to accomplish such a very important and desirable result, although it is encouraging to learn from you, that in your opinion “the vast hive of Asia invites us to recuperate our Asiatic and tropical population from its teeming millions.” * * “and we shall find the consanguineous affinities we need in the overpeopled plains of British India, in the swarming Isles of the great Malay Archipelago, in the noble Empire of Japan, so youthful in its civilization, and in other countless hordes of the industrious and prolific races of the great and parent continent of the world.”

The difficulty would seem to be then in your opinion, gentlemen, to select out of a profusion of choice from the kindred people of Asia, the population which we require to recuperate the Hawaiian race. It cannot however afford any real assistance to the object we have at heart to take a too sanguine view of the position. Let us glance at the Continent of Asia, and its great archipelagoes. First and nearest to us lies Japan, inhabited by a people who are generally considered akin to the Hawaiians, and whom we all agree would be very desirable immigrants. Efforts have been made by former Governments to bring them—some were brought—but as you all know most of them had to be sent back again at the request of the Japanese Government. Notwithstanding this failure, the different Governments since then, have been persistent in their enquiries of our Charge d’Affaires there, as to whether any prospect appeared of our being able to bring Japanese immigrants. The answer has been as persistently—No! The Minister of Foreign Affairs published in the newspapers of this city, only a few weeks ago, the latest reply to his enquiries on this subject from our Charge in Japan, and in which he positively stated, that at present there was no hope whatever of obtaining immigrants from there. One of our Charges, Mr. De Long, in 1873, resigned that position in Japan on account of the efforts of the Hawaiian Government to obtain Japanese laborers through his influence and aid. Notwithstanding these rebuffs, the opportunity may arise of obtaining Japanese, and if it does, it will not be neglected by His Majesty’s Government. But gentlemen, when in our address you refer to the noble Empire of Japan as the source for recuperating our population, you must be understood to mean that the Japanese are, as we also believe, desirable immigrants, not that it has been hitherto, or that it appears to be in the near future, practicable to get them, for the circumstances of the difficulties connected with the Japanese immigrants are too recent for you to have forgotten them. What might have been accomplished in this case by the exercise of a more “faithful and intelligent diplomacy,” which you seem to infer may have been ignored or neglected, the undersigned cannot undertake to say;—and although no doubt there may readily be found amongst us men possessed of more persuasive ability than His Majesty’s Ministers can pretend to, some amongst you will perhaps be prepared to admit, as the result of dear bought experience, that is is an easier task to persuade immigrants to come to these Islands than to persuade them to stop, when you get them here.

But to continue our review of Asia. We need only glance at the map to see that the shores of that great continent nearest to us are occupied almost entirely by China—that astonishing Empire whose people have not only maintained their existence, may we not say, as a civilized nation from long before the time when our ancestors were covering their bodies with war paint, but who are now by far the most numerous separate people on the face of the earth, and who are to0day overflowing, not only into all the neighboring Archipelago of Malaysia, but are holding their own as an industrious people amongst and in spite of the “hoodlums” of California, and the “roughs” of Australia. It is Chinese who constructed the railroads of Peru, have dug the coal mines of Borneo; nay, they have been in request to build the railroads in Bengal, the very home of the cheap Hindoo [Hindu] laborer. It seems, to say the least, unfortunate for His Majesty’s Government that of all “the vast hive of Asia, of all the industrious and prolific races of the great and parent continent of the world,” the Chinese, who are the only people which the government has found it practicable to induce to migrate to these islands, should be the only Asiatics which you, gentlemen, should especially object to. All the other “countless hordes” of Asiatics you seem prepared to welcome, and in view of the highly respectable character of the signatures to the address now under reply, the members of His Majesty’s Cabinet feel grieved that their efforts to do what they best could under the circumstances, should have so signally failed to be satisfactory to those for whose benefit they considered they were more especially taking this responsibility. But what they still more regret, is to find that you consider that the introduction of Chinese must, from their unchaste character, aggravate the sterility of Hawaiian women. If this be true, the introduction of Chinese should be stopped instanter. It is no doubt true that the disproportion of the sexes is an evil in any country, but it is a period of trial which many countries have of necessity to pass through, and from which they recover in due time. In remembering the evil doings of some of the worst of the Chinese however, we should bear in mind that an outcry would probably be made when a low Chinese is discovered sinning, when the same crime would hardly call for a remark amongst a similar class of natives. We should also bear in mind the fact that some of the largest families which have been borne to Hawaiian women have been by Chinese fathers, and that even the lower orders of Chinese, and we say this with regret, are, we believe, reckoned by the Hawaiian women to make more faithful and attentive husbands than the similar class of Hawaiians. The progeny also of these two races seems so far to confirm your view that the mingling of Hawaiians and Asiatic blood may prove a success, so far at least as the Chinese are concerned. Of the result of a union with other Asiatics, of the less robust Hindoo for instance, with an Hawaiian woman, we have little experience; it is to be hoped that such an experience may be soon afforded.

The next portion of Asia which presents itself is, as you justly term them, “the swarming isles of the great Malay Archipelago.” The attention of all the different Hawaiian Cabinets has been repeatedly called to this part of the globe as a region from whence to draw our much desired population, and the records of the correspondence of our Foreign Office show that as repeatedly, enquiries for definite information on the subject have been made by the government. The undersigned may also state that they have taken some pains to ascertain what were the chances of success in this quarter, and the result of their enquiries agrees with the experience of the Hawaiian Cabinets before them, that the idea of obtaining our population from thence is entirely visionary. The latest letters from our Charge d’affaires in London, Mr. Manly Hopkins, confirm those previously received from Mr. Varigny, Dr. Hillebrand and other who have been especially directed to make evvery inquiry on this subject; and all leads to the conclusion that the Malay Archipelago cannot be looked to as a source of population for Hawaii. The broad fact that the Dutch in Sumatra and Java, and the English in Queensland and the Fijis, which are comparatively close by, cannot, notwithstanding their great anxiety to do so, make those Malaysian populations available, is an evidence that we at this great distance would probably meet with no better success. His Majesty’s Government consider that after all the enquiries which have been made by previous Cabinets and by the Board of Immigration on this subject, only to learn again and again that it is impracticable to obtain people from thence, it is now time that this “Will o’ the Wisp” should be finally removed from before the eyes of this community.

The next portion  of Asia which we approach, at least from which any population suitable for Hawaii may be hoped for, is “the over-peopled plains of British India,” as you, to some extent, correctly term them. In 1866 Dr. Hillebrand was commissioned by the Hawaiian Government to proceed to Asia for the express purpose of gathering information respecting those regions as a source of supply for our laboring population. The undersigned cannot do better than make a few extracts from the Doctor’s report to the Board of Immigration on his return. In connection with the subject of our entering into a Convention with the British Government to allow us to supply ourselves with population from British India, the Doctor says, page 33: “I do not apprehend that this Government would meet with great obstacles in the conclusion of a treaty; but there is no doubt, that on the part of the European element in India, a strong feeling is gaining ground, in opposition to the emigration of coolies. The extensive net of railroads still in progress of being built, so as to intersect every important part of that country, the many agricultural enterprises which have started into existence since the mutiny, by private individuals and stock companies, particularly the tea and cotton cultivation, make large demands on the labor capacity of the country, which increase from year to year. People at these islands will find it strange that fears of dear labor are entertained in a country, where wages still average only five rupees a month, and famines are yearly occurrences; but I could bring numerous vouchers to the truth of my statement, and these feelings are even shared to some extent by the Indian Government.” On page 35 the Doctor refers to the great loss of life which often takes place in transporting the celebrated Hill Coolies, altho’ in many respects they are far the best of the East Indians. He observes: “A mortality of twenty to twenty-five per cent has occurred on journeys to the tea districts; and it has even risen as high as thirty per cent, on a voyage to the Mauritius.” Again on pages 38–39, the Doctor observes: “The two medical gentlemen confirmed what I had already heard about the great mortality of the Hill Coolies during the first week of the sea voyage. It is cholera that causes this awful loss of life, and it is ascribed to the sudden and great change of diet which these poor famished people undergo.” * * “One of the informants expresses himself thus: ‘They seem to carry the cholera in their blood!'” Notwithstanding these alarming statements and the difficulty of bringing these people so far, the Doctor seems inclined to recommend a trial of “a few hundred Indian Coolies composed of the different races mentioned above, to try and test the various resources available to us.” The most that can be inferred from this report is that in the pressing deman for laborers, the Doctor suggested that an experiment might be tried, the result of which however he cautions us, may be doubtful with respect to the East Indians themselves, and not without danger to our own people. His Majesty’s Government hope that British India may offer a field for an effort to recruit our population and they will continue enquiries in this direction in the expectation that when the proper time arrives something practicably may appear. We have the advantage of the experienced Daniel Smith who has on several occasions been engaged in transporting these people to the British Colonies. It is evident however that extreme caution has to be exercised in all attempts at repopulation from British India, and that grave responsibility would be incurred by any Ministry who in too hastily yielding to demands for more people, might introduce diseases which this country through God’s mercy has hitherto escaped.

The undersigned do not propose to occupy your time further on the present occasion by discussing the various comprehensive and general suggestions contained in your address, for a radical reform and change in the policy and in the government of this country, especially as those suggestions embrace an extremely wide field, and would indeed require more consideration and elucidation than is consistent with or expected in a reply of this nature. They would however most respectfully state their belief that the majority of the signers of this address in their anxiety to see something developed on the main question, repopulation, did not fully appreciate that the wording of the address conveyed the impression that some new and great danger to the prosperity and to the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom is imminent, an impression which the undersigned cannot think that most of you intended to convey, inasmuch as there does not appear in any of the aspects of the commercial or political state of this kingdom to-day, anything which calls for the very strong expressions of alarm used in many parts of your address; not anything more, certainly than has existed for the last quarter of a century.

The undersigned regret also that a misapprehension in one part of your address, to which one of your number calls attention, had not been earlier noticed by many of you, they refer to what you truly call the solemn appeal and invocation of His Majesty Kamehameha IV to his legislature, and which you quote, but which as the Hon. S. N. Castle truly remarks, referred specially to saving the Hawaiian race, not to introducing a foreign one, a distinction which Hawaiians cannot fail to appreciate at its true value; and as this solemn appeal of one of the most enlightened of our sovereigns is brought forward by you to aggravate what you seem to consider the failure of the present government to take certain measures for the repopulation of this kingdom from abroad, candour would have no doubt induced you, had your attention been earlier called to it, to recommend a remodelling of this part of your address, as Mr. Castle evidently saw was desirable for it was surely not your intention to make use of the invocation of Kamehameha IV to his legislature to try and effect one object, in order to urge upon his present majesty’s government the carrying out of a different one, for the repopulation of Hawaii from the teeming millions of Asia is clearly the burden of your address. It is true that you make references to a “recuperation” of the Hawaiian race “by the infusion of new blood” and from this point of view the term repopulation may bear meanings which are of widely different import, but which should be clearly understood. We, and you, gentlemen, are told that Asia will furnish the “consanguineous affinities” which shall effect this recuperation of the Hawaiian race. God grant that it may prove so, but He alone knows what races outside of Polynesia have the affinity to the Hawaiian that may be neccesary for this purpose! man does not know, science does not certainly inform him, it merely conjectures. It may be encouraging to be assured that dillegence and address will introduce races into this group, which shall by intermingling with them, “recuperate” the Hawaiian people although those who have though most on these subjects tell us how delicate and difficult such problems are, and a calm and careful consideration of this whole matter must impress us all strongly with the appropriateness of the remark appended in your address to the signature of the very Reverend the Bishop Louis Maigret, where he says, “calling to mind the words of David,” “unless the Lord build the house they labor in vain that build it.”

But His Majesty’s government are not desirous of laying too much stress on the points in this address to which they respectfully submit they may justly take exception, and of which they have only referred to a part; they are anxious on the contrary to consider it in the spirit in which they believe the large majority signed it, and they would gladly receive from you now, or as early as may be convenient, and after you thus learn their general views, further, more definite and practical suggestions, not only for repeopling the Hawaiian Islands from abroad, but for saving the lives of the people we have. You well know what large sums of money are regularly appropriated and spent with the latter object in view, and that what is to be done in future, to be of any effect, must be by legislation, and the appropriation of the requisite funds. The Legislature meets next month and the present therefore appears a most suitable time for His Majesty’s government to receivved from you practicable suggestions for legislation which may assist in staying the decrease of our native population, but in which effort, as we are all only too  well aware, every Legislature and every Cabinet has so far unfortunately failed.

The government and people of this country have had offers and promises from those who have professed to be able to cure our lepers, others lead us to infer that they could stop the decline of our population, or readily introduce a people that by amalgamation would recuperate the Hawaiian race; it is for you, gentlemen, to assist the government and the Legislature of this country in the somewhat difficult task of discriminating amongst these schemes, so that the resources of this kingdom may not be wasted by yielding to the tempation to invest the public money in those which are put forward with the most confidence and boldness only, and without dueregard to their soundness or feasibility.

(Signed.)  W. L. Green,

J. S. Walker.

Aliiolani Hale, Honolulu, March 3d, 1876.

(Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 3/4/1876, p. 3)

The Ministerial Reply.

The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, Volume XX, Number 6, Page 3. March 4, 1876.

International Hawaii, 1844.

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Consulat de France, Iles
Sandwich, 12 Juillet, 1844.

Monsieur le Ministre,—J’ai l’ honneur de vous informer que je viens de recevoir des dépéches officielles, qui m’autorisent ă faire, connaitre aux Représentans des nations alliées de la France, que le Gouvernement de sa Majesté, tres Chrêtienne, á accordé en principe le Protectoral demandé par Lavelua, Roi des Wallis, et Piteto, Roi de l’ile Foutuna, et, de plus, que, par une convention conclue entre Monsieur le Commandant de la Charte, et le Roi des iles Gambier, le Protectorat de la France a été également établi sur cet archipel, sauf toutes fois, la ratification de sa Majesté le Roi des Français. Agréez, Monsieur le ministre l’ assurance de la parfaite considération avec la quelle j’ai l’ honneur d’ être

Votre tres Humble,
et tres ob’d Serv’t’r,
Jules Dudoit,
Consul de France.

G. P. Judd, Esq., a
Monsieur le Minstre
des Affaires Etrangeres.

—————

Kahi o ke Kanikela Farani, Ko
Hawaii Pae Aina. Iulai, 12, 1844.

Monsieur le Ministre,—Ke hai aku nei au ia oe me ka mahalo, ua loaa ia’u na palapala Oihana e pono ai au ke hooakaka aku, i na Luna o na Aina e i launa pu me Farani. I ka ae ana aku o ke Aupuni o ka Moi Karisiano loa e hoomalu maopopo aku e like me ke koi ana mai o Lawelua ke ‘Lii, o Ea, (Wallis) mokupuni, a o Pileko ke ‘Lii o Foutouna Mokupuni.

Eia hoi kekahi, ma ke kuikahi i hanaia mawaena o ke ‘Lii Charte, a me ke ‘Lii o Gambier Mokupuni, ua paa loa ka hoomalu ana o Farani maluna o ia mau aina, aia no nae ka hooholoia e ke ‘Lii o ko Farani.

E ae mai oe i kuu hoike ana ia oe, ka mahalo oiaio o kuu noho ana o kau kauwa hoolohe.

(Inoa.)  J. Dudoit,
Kanikela Farani.

G. P. Judd,
Luna no ko na aina e.

—————

Consulate of France,
Sandwich Islands, 12 July, 1844.

Monsieur le Ministre,—I have the honor to inform you that i have received Official despatches that authorize me to announce to the representatives of Nations in alliance with France, that the Government of His Most Christian Majesty, has accorded in principle the protection demanded by Lavelua, King of the Wallis Islands, and by Pileto, King of the Island Foutouna, and further that by a convention concluded between the commandant of the Frigate Charte, and the King of the Gambier Islands, the protection of France has been equally established over that Archipelago, subject always to the ratification of His Majesty the King of the French.

Accept, Sir, the Assurances of the Perfect Consideration with which I have the Honor to be

Your Very Humble,
and Obt. Servant,
(Signed,) Jules Dudoit,
Consul of France.

G. P. Judd, Esq.
Minister of Foreign Affairs.

(Polynesian, 7/20/1844, p. 2)

Consulat de France, Iles

The Polynesian, New Series, Volume 1, Number 9, Page 2. July 20, 1844.

Petition from Koloa, Kauai, supporting King Kalakaua, 1880.

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His Most Highness King D. Kalakaua, the Moi of the Hawaiian Archipelago.

O Father, Give us heed.

We are Your own citizens, named below, from the District of Koloa, Island of Kauai.

We humbly ask before Your Most Highness, while approving of all which You have done for the rights and the benefits of Your Nation. Just as the Royal rights that You have.

And we truthfully state that we do not join with the white skins [ili keokeo] who oppose You and Your Ministers that You rightly selected, as per your power as King and Father of Your Lahui. And we thank the Heavens.

“Long Live the King in God!
Long Live your Kingdom!”

Koloa, Kauai, Sept. 17, 1880.

Poikauahi,  H. Kanakaole,
Kaili,  Pohihi,
Iapeka,  Kaapanui,
W. Brown,  A. Kawai,
J. W. Puni,  Hili,
Kanakaole,  Palakamaia,
Kamakee,  Pakaua,
Kaili,  Noa,
Uilama,  Kamale,
Kamaka,  Kauapo,
Kehau,  Hanaole,
Kaluna,  Kuike,
Paahao,  Kapo,
J. W. Keliinui,  Kuai,
Makamaka,  Apelahama,
Jimo Alapai,  Daniela,
Kahoolewa,  Nao,
Makole,  Molokoa,
Kahiko,  Opeka,
Kale Molohu,  K. L. Pilipo,
Makia,  Michael Luhau,
P. Kamaka,  Mookini,
Makaole,  P. Kaluna,
Hoopii,  T. Naapuelua,
Hapaumi,  Kalawaia,
Keliinui,  D. Kaioike,
Haumea,  Keonipahia,
Kainokane,  Kane,
Kanaana,  Kalonui,
Kolona,  J. K. Luka,
Eke,  Naholoaa,
Ohule,  T. Kalaluhi,
Kaukuna,  J. B. Kaheleloa,
Moke,  W. H. Kekahimoku,
Mahina,  Kawahineaea,
Keo,  Lihilihi 2,
Kimo,  Hanaole,
Hoolaumakani,  J. K. Pelekai,
Minamina,  Moke,
Kimokeo,  H. Mokuhiwa,
Kuihonua,  H. Nakapaahu,
Kuakini,  A. K. Nahoa,
Lihilihi.

[This newspaper is not available online as of yet. Hopefully a clear copy will be put up soon. Some of the names in this image are difficult to decipher.]

(Elele Poakolu, 9/29/1880, p. 3)

Mea Kiekie Loa King D. Kalakaua, ka Moi o ko Hawaii Pae Aina.

Ka Elele Poakolu, Buke I, Helu 4, Aoao 3. Sepatemaba 29, 1880.

“You are not permitted to use your own judgement but are blandly told that you don’t know what you are talking about when you venture to express an opinion that is contrary to what is said to be an established fact,” Clarence E. Edwords, 1896.

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The Hawaiian Situation.

They protest too much.

This is the conclusion that is reached by the careful observer who talks with the adherents of the present Government [the Provisional Government] of the Hawaiian Islands.

They seem too anxious to impress upon you the fact that it is a most serene and peaceful atmosphere. You are not permitted to use your own judgement but are blandly told that you don’t know what you are talking about when you venture to express an opinion that is contrary to what is said to be an established fact. Of course no fault can be found with such procedure. It is a part of politics. They want certain conditions to obtain and the desire is so great that by long effort to fool others the “P. G.’s” eventually fool themselves. It may seem presumptuous for one who spent but a month in the island republic to give an opinion as to the real political status of the island, but there is so much evidence obtainable that such opinion can easily be formed, even if it does happen to be against the desire of those who now hold the reins of Government.

The stranger who visits Honolulu almost immediately feels that he is surrounded by an air of uneasiness. Things evidently are not as they seem. There is an indefinable something in the atmosphere that makes one feel as if he should be watching over his shoulder. Where the impression comes from it is difficult to say, but if you will talk politics for five minutes with any resident you cannot help but notice the lowered tone of voice, the careful watch of passers-by or the graurded manner, as if there were a constant fear of spies. Nor is this noticeable alone when talking with royalists. The adherents of the Republic are just as guarded and just as careful.

It looks as if they feared a change of Government and as if their expressions might be treasured up against them.

Yet the Republicans and the papers are persistent in their declarations that the islands were never more peaceful than at present.

Perhaps this is true, but if the the present Government is not sitting over a smouldering political volcano, then the signs are wrong, and this same Government has not failed to realize this fact. Nor has it failed to prepare a soft place to light after the explosion.

What is this soft place?

When a man who had been a resident of the islands but ten months made the public announcement of a new Government, that announcement was successful because of the American Minister, who backed up the revolutionists with the force of an American warship and the naval support of the United States. Liliuokalani was dethroned and the Re-…

(Independent, 7/11/1896, p. 1)

The Hawaiian Situation.

The Independent, Volume III, Number 323, Page 1. July 11, 1896.

…public declared. It was announced to the world that the change was satisfactory to the great majority of the people of the islands, and the establishment of a new Republic in the Pacific was generally supposed to be the work of the natives, who had learned to govern themselves.

But facts are sometimes stubborn and refute false statements. The facts of the change of government are not what have been made public.

There are, in round numbers, a hundred thousand people of the Sandwich Islands. Fifty thousand are natives, thirty thousand Chinese and Japanese, nine thousand Portuguese, and eleven thousand whites of other nationality. When the men who established the provisional government broke their oath of allegiance and possessed themselves of the reins, they disfranchised all the inhabitants except the whites. They will tell you that only Japanese and Chinese were disfranchised, but by the establishment of a rigid oath of allegiance to the new government, they disfranchised the natives as well, for the native still retains enough of his primitive honor to hold himself bound by his oath, and he cannot swear that he will not try to get back that which rightly belongs to him.

The natives are not alone in their feeling of resentment at the new government. Many of the whites who have who have lived for years on the islands see how their country is being ruined by unnecessary interference, and they, too, are restive. The Portuguese have found that the change benefitted only the few who ran the machine, and they are ready to aid in bringing about a change.

The members of the present government are not as blind to the situation as they appear. When the queen was robbed of her throne and and her means of living at the same time, it would seem that common justice should have given her a pension; but the government refused to do anything of the sort. They realized, however, that they were on dangerous ground and proceeded to provide a means of safety.

The queen was imprisoned on charges of treason, and while under duress was forced to abdicate. According to the monarchical constitution the reigning soverign names his or her successor, and following this rule the queen had named her niece Princess Kaiulani, as heir to the throne. The Princess, Miss Cleghorn, is well-off in this world’s goods, yet at the same sitting of the legislature which refused to pension the queen, a bill was passed granting to the Princess Kaiulani $4,000. It was what a politician might call a very “smooth” piece of work. If abdication under duress could be held as legal, then Kaiulani is the legal sovereign of the islands. If the present government gets ousted and the monarchy re-established, Kaiulani will rule, and those who so generously donated other people’s money expect to be graciously remembered by the new queen.

In short, it is pretty well understood just now that the republican form of government under existing conditions on the Hawaiian Islands is a failure, and the men who are now at the head of the government hope, by putting Kaiulani on the throne, to save themselves and their property and avert the disaster of overthrow, which they realize is bound to come.

But they reckon without their host. The Hawaiians are not illiterate savages. Neither are they heathens. With all the boasted educational facilities of the United States the percentage of illiteracy is much higher here than on the islands. Strange as it may seem, there is but 1 percent of the natives who are illiterate. Go to the rudest hut, made of grass and occupied by fisherman, and you will find that they take and read the native paper. They not only read, but they think. They are honest and resent dishonesty in others. The natives will not be appeased by a re-establishment of the monarchy with Kaiulani on the throne. Nor would Princess Kaiulani accept the throne so long as Queen Liliuokalani is alive. The queen is still the queen to her people and they not only honor her, but love her, and treat her with as much difference and respect to-day as at any time during her reign.

 This simply means that when the change comes, and come it will as sure as the islands remain, Queen Liliuokalani will be on the throne, not through any effort of design of her own, but by the expressed will of a vast majority of the people of the islands. I say this advisedly. The queen will take no part in any attempt to recover the government. She is willing to sacrifice herself and her interests for the good of her people, but will under no consideration jeopardize the welfare of her people for her own benefit. She has persistently refused to  counsel with those who desire a change and has kept in seclusion that is painful to her friends.

Probably no woman has been more maligned than the queen. Before her overthrow her virtues and good qualities were extolled to the skies by those who lose no opportunity of slandering her in the hope of bolstering their own cause. The people of the United States have been told all sorts of malicious stories regarding the private life of the queen and she has been pictured as an untutored, uncultured, coarse woman, whose sole object in life was her personal pleasure. This is anything but the truth. She is a woman of education and refinement, every inch a queen in talk, appearance and manner. Her face, which the published pictures of her much belie, shows deep thought and delicate refinement. There is strength in every line of it and her everyday life is a counterpart of what it depicts. A member of the Episcopal church, she is a devout and sincere Christian, doing no lip service, but making her life conform to the tenets of the belief. her desire is that her people may advance and profit by the wonderful resources of the islands and reap the benefits of the improvement. In their present condition of subjection to foreign domination this is impossible as it is the policy of the Government to keep all natives from places of emolument.

The feeling of the natives could not better be illustrated than by repeating a story told me by a friend in Honolulu.

The government in its blindness to the welfare of the islands has devised registration rules and regulations that are revolting to all decent people. Among the regulations is one requiring every person on the islands to put his thumb mark on a piece of paper after the Bertillon method of identifying criminals. An old native was asked if he had registered. No. Was he going to register? No. Then he would get into trouble. What trouble? He would be fined. He had no money. Then he would be put in jail. Drawing himself up he said:

“We are all of one mind. There are not jails enough to hold us all and the government hasn’t money enough to feed us all if we go to jail.”

The thumb mark regulation will be rescinded. It cannot be enforced, especially as it applies to tourists and visitors as well as residents.

The situation in a nutshell is this: The present government is unable and cannot stand. Its adherents are hoping against hope for annexation with the United States. Failing in this they hope to place Kaiulani on the throne. Neither plan will succeed. Within two years a monarchy will be re-established and then, and not until then, will the islands progress and the people be happy and contented.

Clarence E. Edwords.
—Kansas City Journal.

(Independent, 7/11/1896, p. 4)

...public declared...

The Independent, Volume III, Number 323, Page 4. July 11, 1896.

Clarence E. Edwords and the political situation in Hawaii, 1896.

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Mr. Clarence E. Edwords, who recently visited these islands, has written an unusually correct and truthful account of the present situation of Hawaiian politics, etc. which we shall take pleasure in reproducing from the Kansas City Journal in our next issue. Mr. Edwords is a distinguished politician and journalist, and was one of the delegates to the St. Louis convention. He is one of the few visitors to the islands who have sized up our true conditions, and although belonging to the Republican party, is not afraid of speaking according to his honest convictions. If other prominent republicans in the United States are as upright and sincere as Mr. Edwords the prospects for annexation are very slender indeed. The Americans are more and more coming to the conclusion that the people of Hawaii do not desire to give up their independent government, of such a form as the majority may chose, and they now finally admit that the Hawaiians are not the Stevens-Wiltze-Dole filibusters, but the native owners of the country. And they will never voluntarily consent to the hoisting of the Stars and Stripes in Hawaii.

[I will try to put up the entire Clarence E. Edwords text tomorrow!]

(Independent, 7/10/1896, p. 2)

Mr. Clarence E. Edwords...

The Independent, Volume III, Number 322, Page 2. July 10, 1896.

More on Clarence E. Edwords, 1896.

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SETTLES THE HAWAIIAN QUESTION.

A person who subscribes himself “Clarence E. Edwords” and bounds into fame from the columns of the Kansas City Journal has settled the perplexing Hawaiian question to the satisfaction of everybody who is willing to accept his settlement. Mr. Edwords has the advantage over all dabblers in Hawaiian affairs in that he speaks “advisedly” and admits it, and, although he spent only one month on the island, it was sufficient for a man of Mr. Edwords’ masterful spirit. It might as well be said at once that Queen Liliuokalani is to be restored to the throne. There is no use beating about the bush or following false leads as to republics or annexation because they are pleasant. Mr. Edwords has been there and returned with the facts clinched, advisedly, and Mr. Edwords knows a thing or two, and both are to the same restorative effect.

It is too late to question the quality of mercy that inhabits the breast of Mr. Edwords for waiting until he returned to Missouri to announce to the world that the Dole administration was “sitting on a smoldering volcano.” It was hardly treating Dole fairly to leave him sitting in that unpleasant position and sail away. A word of warning might have caused Mr. Dole to rise and look about him and possibly evade the volcano. But one cannot question the methods of such a man as Edwords nor expect he can bother with such trifles as warning indiscreet administrations to beware of volcanoes when he has the more weighty matter on hand to settle the fate of a nation or two. But the announcement by Mr. Edwords is hardly more remarkable than the tribute he pays to the estimable lady who by the grace of Edwords is thus to reassert her divine right. Says Edwords:

Probably no woman has been more maligned than the Queen. Before the overthrow her virtues and good qualities were extolled to the skies by those who now lose no opportunity to slandering her in the hope of bolstering their own cause. The people of the United States have been told all sorts of malicious stories regarding the private life of the Queen, and she has been pictured as an untutored, uncultured, coarse woman, whose sole object in life was her personal pleasure. This is anything but the truth. She is a woman of education and refinement, every inch a Queen in talk, appearance, and manner. Her face, which the published pictures of her much belie, shows deep thought and delicate refinement. There is strength in every line of it, and her every-day life is a counterpart of what it depicts. A member of the Episcopal Church, she is a devout and sincere Christian, doing no lip service, but making her life conform to the tenets of the belief. Heer desire is that her people may advance and profit by the wonderful resources of the islands and reap the benefits of improvement. In their present condition of subjection to foreign domination this is impossible.

President Cleveland, in his happiest mood, when Liliuokalani was his particular charge and not the particular inspiration of the muse of Edwords, never painted the dusky and somewhat bulky beauty in such glowing colors. Edwords, in a month, has advisedly solved more Hawaiian problems than all the rest of the United States and part of Europe has been able to propound for years, including the ex-Queen, and strangest of all the source of Mr. Edwords’ information comes from the Hawaiians themselves. While others have seen a people presumably glorying in their independence with perhaps a longing for annexation to the United States Edwords of Missouri in a month has found all this was but a mask to hide a burning desire to boost the retired Queen back to the throne. Says Edwords again:

Queen Liliuokalani will be on the throne, not through any effort or design of her own, but by the expressed will of a vast majority of the people of the islands.

And this is what he says “advisedly.” Who could doubt it now?

[Unfortunately, the 1896 Kansas City Journal issues are not available online. Edwords seems to have been the managing editor and owner of that newspaper.]

(Chicago Tribune, 7/7/1896, p. 6)

SETTLES THE HAWAIIAN QUESTION.

The Chicago Tribune, Volume LV, Number 189, Page 6. July 7, 1896.

Chiefs and officers of the nation, 1844.

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CALENDAR

The following is a list of the principal Chiefs, Officers of His Majesty’s Civil Administration; of the Chiefs entitled to rank, and of the present incumbents in the more important local offices, which will be corrected as occasion may require:—

Members of the Hon. Privy Council of State.

G. P. JUDD, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
JOHN RICORD, Attorney General.
JOHN II, of the Treasury.
JOHN YOUNG, Counsellor.
TIMOTHY HAALILIO, of the Treasury.

Governors of the Respective Islands.

M. KEKAUONOHI, Kauai.
J. A. KUAKINI, Hawaii.
KEONI ANA, Maui.
M. KEKUANAOA, Oahu.
W. P. LELEIOHOKU, Acting Governor of Hawaii.

Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.

A. PAKI,
J. KAPENA,
C. KANAINA,
KAAUWAI.

Nobles.

J. A. Kuakini,
M. Kekuanaoa,
M. Kekauonohi,
W. P. Leleiohoku,
A. Keliiahonui,
Ruta,
Keoni Ana,
Keohokalole,
Alapai,
C. Kanaina,
A. Paki,
Joani Ii,
Konia,
T. Haalilio.

Princes and Chiefs eligible to be Rulers.

Alexander Liholiho, Heir Apparent to the Crown.
Moses Kekuaiwa, Expectant Gov. of Kauai.
Lot Kamehameha, Expectant Gov. of Maui.
William Lunalilo,
Jane Loeau,
Victoria Kamamalu,
James Kali, Expectant Premier.
Peter Young Kaeo,
Belinda Pauahi [Bernice Pauahi],
Emma Rooke,
David Kalakaua,
Abigail Maheha,
Polly Paaaina,
Elizabeth Kekaniau [Elizabeth Kekaaniau],
Lydia Kamakaeha.

Executive Officers of Government.

DAVID MALO, Superintendent of Schools at Maui.
KEIKENUI,  do.  do.  Oahu.
KAHOOKUI,  do.  do.  Kauai.
BARENABA,  do.  do. Hawaii.
KAPAE,  do.  do.  do.
JAMES J. JARVES, Director of Public Printing.
P. KANOA, Member of Treasury Board.
J. R. VON PFISTER, Secretary to dito.
G. L. KAPEAU,  do.  do.
WILLIAM PATY, Collector and Harbor Master of the Port of Honolulu.
T. C. B. ROOKE, Port Physician.
ROBERT BOYD, High Sheriff.
LOUIS GRAVIER, Prefect of Police and Superintendant of Public Houses in Honolulu.
MIKEKAI, Captain of Police of Honolulu.
HENRY SWINTON, Prefect of Police and Superintendant of Public Houses in Lahaina.
HOONAULU, Captain of Police at Lahaina.
EDWARD HAWKS, Collector of the Port of Lahaina.
ISAAC LEWIS, Harbor Master of  do.

Judges of Inferior Courts.

Halai,
Waolani,
Honokaupu,
Halali,
Kuhia, Judges of Honolulu.

Other parts of Oahu.

J. Kahananui,
Kahauolono,
Gideona Laanui,
Kahele,
Kaapuiki.

Inferior Judges of Maui.

Kuakamauna,
Kamakini, for Lahaina.

Inferior Judges of other parts Maui.

Kanae,
Helehewa,
Ii,
Keaweiwi,
Ulunahele.

Inferior Judges of Kauai.

Daniela Oleola,
Manano,
Solomona Koolua,
Naakakai,
James Young.

Collectors of Internal Revenue—Oahu.

Hooliliamanu,
Keliihuluhulu,
Kuaana,
Kulepe,
Keliiwaiwaiole.

Collectors of Internal Revenue—Kauai.

Kaanaana,
Wana,
Amala,
Naumu,
Kauakahi.

Collectors of Internal Revenue—Maui.

Ilae,
Kaihealani,
Kaenaena,
Kenui,
James Nowliens,
Manu.

Collectors of Internal Revenue—Hawaii.

Naahi,
Kuwaihoa,
Kapipi,
Kaiwi,
Kapau.

(Polynesian, 7/20/1844, p. 1)

CALENDAR.

The Polynesian, New Series, Volume 1, Number 9, Page 1. July 20, 1844.

Restoration Day celebration, day number 3! 1844.

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THIRD DAY, AUGUST 2D.

At 4 o’clock, P. M., the guests re-assembled at Mauna Kilika, and formed in nearly the same order of procession as the day before; being this day joined by the ladies of His Majesty’s naturalized subjects—Executive officers—to whom places were courteously assigned, immediately succeeding their Majesties. On this day, no order prescribed the dresses of the ladies, and they consulted their own fanices. The display was rich, and, in contrast with the uniforms of the soldiery, pleasing and highly creditable to their tastes. The entertainment went off with great spirit, and the utmost good humor prevailed. After the regular toasts to their Majesties, the King and Queen, to the Premier, and high officers of State, were given, others rapidly followed, succeeded by short and pithy addresses, which occasioned great applause. On this occasion, the Hon. G. P. Judd, Governor Young, Mr. Ii, J. Ricord, Esq., and Mr. J. F. B. Marshall, spoke: the latter gentleman alluded, with great feeling, to the high commission with which he had been entrusted by His Majesty, the past year, and the respect with which the Envoys of His Majesty, had been received abroad; and concluded with the following sentiment:—

“A speedy return, and hearty welcome to Mess. Haalilio and Richards.”

The dinner was prolonged for several hours, and the house illuminated. In the evening, four veterans of the father of his present Majesty, were introduced, who having seated themselves before the King and Queen, and Premier, after the old Hawaiian custom, with their calabash drums between their legs, commenced a mele, accompanying their song with rapid, and very skillful, manipulations upon their drums, and gesticulations expressive of the sentiment of their song, which was commemorative of the deeds of his warrior father, and in praise of himself and the Premier. These men are almost the only ones remaining who understand the chanting of their ancient meles after this manner, and one of them, from nineteen years disuse, failed before the conclusion. Liholiho, in his reign, kept them constantly about his person, but the taste for their exercises, seems to have almost altogether declined, as but little interest was manifested, by the guests generally, in the performance. It was interesting, however, as a relic of the past, and from its analogy to a custom of the Celtic tribes of Europe, in their era of barbarism. The pleasures of the evening were not confined to the walls of the banqueting house; a numerous crowd was assembled outside, diverted by the music of the band.

At 8 o’clock, P. M. a salute was fired from Punch-bowl, with very grand effect [not legible because of fold in paper] cloud rested over the hill, and when the guns belched forth their thunder in quick succession, lighting up the hill by their flashes, and shaking the houses beneath with their heavy reverberations, it required no lively imagination to fancy that the old crater had awakened from its slumber of ages, and was about to pour a fiery flood upon the town beneath.

Soon after, the troops were re-formed, and His Majesty and the court proceeded to the house of the young chiefs, where the company were very agreeably entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, the teachers of the Royal children; and by the princes and princesses themselves, by their performances on the piano, and social music, both of which was highly creditable to themselves, and gratifying to their parents. The Royal party next proceeded to the mansion of the Hon. Secretary of State. The band assembled in front of the house, playing lively dancing tunes, while the officers of the troops formed themselves into groups and danced with great vigor and animation.

The effect by torch-light was peculiarly striking: all, at intervals waving their swords on high, and joined by the soldiers, giving utterance to deafening cheers, which were borne in the stillness of the night, far and wide.

After experiencing the hospitality of the lady of the Secretary of State, the procession re-formed and marched at quick step towards his Majesty’s residence. The cheering in their progress through the streets was loud and enthusiastic. At 10 o’clock the company took leave of their Majesties.

(Polynesian, 8/10/1844, p. 47)

THIRD DAY, AUGUST 2D.

The Polynesian, New Series, Volume 1,—Number 12, Page 47. August 10, 1844.

More on Restoration Day, 1843.

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“THE VICTORY OF WRONGDOERS IS BUT FOR A MOMENT.”

Who does not know the truth of this statement? He must read the Bible; it is there that he will see the truth in this statement. What of Pharaoh [Parao], the ruler of Egypt [Aigupita], the one who overburdened and oppressed the Israelites? Did he not die at once, along with all of his warriors in the Red Sea? And with his quick death in the Red Sea, what happened to Moses and his people? Did they not sing, exalt, rejoice, and praise God for his saving them from the hands of their enemy? Read Exodus [Pukaana] chapter 14 and chapter 15, and there it will be clarified.

[Considering this particular outcome, this was quite a boost for Christianity.]

(Nonanona, 8/8/1843, p. 27)

"O KA LANAKILA O KA POE HEWA, HE POKOLE IA."

Ka Nonanona, Buke 3, Pepa 6, Aoao 27. Augate 8, 1843.